ClickHouse supports two types of materialized views. Incremental (continuous) materialized views act as insert triggers: when data is inserted into a source table, the view's SELECT query runs on the newly inserted block and writes the result to a target table. This provides near real-time transformation with no manual scheduling. Refreshable materialized views take a different approach, rebuilding their entire result set on a schedule (e.g., REFRESH EVERY 1 HOUR). They support DEPENDS ON for chaining views, can execute complex multi-table queries, and do not add per-insert overhead. Choose incremental views when you need real-time results; choose refreshable views when periodic updates are acceptable and you want to avoid insert-time overhead.
The MAC is in the header because the controller needs to identify the device before decrypting. Encryption keys are per-device, assigned during adoption, so the controller has to know which device is talking before it can look up the right key. Not a security oversight, just a practical requirement. But it means you can route inform traffic without touching the encryption at all.。吃瓜对此有专业解读
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钱老留下了理论的“因”，我们在三十年后交出了工程的“果”。 这场战役向世界宣告：破解复杂体系治理的终极代码，不在西方，而在中国。，这一点在超级权重中也有详细论述